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Pier 42 was the last working cargo pier on the Manhattan shore of the East River. It received its last shipment of bananas in November 1987.〔 Associated Press "Dole Fruit Co. to Leave New York for Delaware" ''New York Times'' October 7, 1987〕 The high cost of labor and transportation, as well as the residential development of the shoreline neighborhoods spelled an end to Manhattan’s role as an international port of trade.〔Roberts, Sam "METRO MATTERS; Death of a Ritual: Working the Last Of Pier 42's Cargo" ''New York Times'' October 19, 1987 http://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/19/nyregion/metro-matters-death-of-a-ritual-working-the-last-of-pier-42-s-cargo.html〕 In the mid-19th century, sea trade in New York shifted to the deeper channels of the Hudson River, and the streets along the East River shore were developed with factories, and later with tenements housing various immigrant communities. The waterfront block of South Street opposite Pier 42 lingered on as an industrial area for a few more decades.〔(1903) (Lower East Side, Little Italy, SoHo, Tribeca ) Sanborn Map Company, Atlas 108. Vol. 1〕〔(1916) (Manhattan ) Bromley, G.W., Atlas of the borough of Manhattan, Desk Ed.〕〔(1955) (Manhattan ) Bromley, G.W., Manhattan land book of the city of New York〕 The pier was constructed in 1963 as a newsprint terminal. At the time, a fifth of all ocean-borne goods arriving in the United States came by ship to New York. At Pier 42, an estimated 935 million bananas arrived every year from Ecuador. With the pier’s closing, it sat unused for nearly two decades while the shore on either side was redeveloped as a series of linear parks comprising the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway, which nearly circumnavigates the urban island. Following the September 11, 2001 bombing of the World Trade Center, federal and state funding became available for park expansion projects as part of the revitalization of lower Manhattan.〔Dillon, Kat "Day-O! Squadron and Schumer Go Bananas for Pier 42" ''New York Observer'' October 1, 2012 http://observer.com/2012/10/day-o-senator-squadron-and-u-s-senator-schumer-go-bananas-for-pier-42/#ixzz3gYd9ve60〕 The heavy storm surge that flooded the neighborhood during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 inspired community advocates to demand a design that would make Pier 42 a park with a function, serving as a soft storm barrier.〔Brightman, Terrie "Making the Past Present: How a Site’s History Can Shape its Future" ''Metropolis Magazine'' March 26, 2014 http://www.metropolismag.com/Making-the-Past-Present-How-a-Site's-History-Can-Shape-Its-Future/〕 During Pier 42’s design phase the temporary project Paths to Pier 42 brought neighborhood residents, artists, designers and community organizations together to activate this park space with collaborative installations and public events to create more accessible green, open space on the waterfront. Mathews Nielsen Landscape Architects is currently working on the design of this eight-acre waterfront park on Pier 42, with an emphasis on providing passive recreation space, soft barriers to storm surges, marine habitat, and ecological education opportunities. In deference to the park’s industrial past, a portion of the storage structure’s frame will be retained and used as a pavilion.〔Mathews Nielsen Landscape Architects "Pier 42" http://www.mnlandscape.com/project_page.php?cat_id=3&pr_id=184〕 ==See also== *East River Park *List of New York City parks *East River Esplanade 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pier 42, East River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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